]pcmX\ Imes¯ ]pkvXIw \nÀ½n¡ð:
]pcmX\ {Koknepw, tdmanepw ]pkvXI§Ä \nÀ½n¡póXn\v GÁhpw {]NmcapÅ hkvXp¡Ä ]m¸ndkv, XpIð, shñw Fónhbmbncpóp. \nch[n \qÁmïpIfmbn ]m¸ndkv tdmfpIÄ \ne\nóncpóp. shñw tImUnIvkpIÄ Ahsb ]n´pSÀóp. ]m¸ndkv Ffp¸¯nð e`yañmXncpó kab§fnð XpIð D]tbmKn¨ncnóp. ]s£ AXv A{X P\{]obw Bbncpónñ. {Ko¡p temIs¯ GÁhpw {]NmcapÅXpw e`yambXpamb saÁocnbð Bbncpóp ]m¸ndkv, IqSmsX Fñm tdma³ ¢mkn¡pIfpw ]m¸ndknð FgpXnbn«pïv. shůnð hfcpó ]m¸ndkv sNSnbpsS aÖbnð \nómWv FgpXm³ D]tbmKn¡pó ]m¸ndkv X¿mdm¡póXv. CuPn]vXnse ss\ð \Znbnepw XS§fnepw Cu sNSn kar²ambn hfÀóncpóp. ]m¸ndkv tdmfpIÄ hfsc hg¡apÅXpw AbhpÅXpambncpóp. Zim_vZ§ftfmfhpw \qÁmïpItfmfhpw ]m¸ndkv NcpfpIÄ A\mbmtk\ Npcp«pIbpw \nhÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. aqómw kl{km_vZ¯nð t]mepw ]m¸ndkv CuPn]vXnð D]tbmKn¨ncpópshóv Adnbs¸Spóp.

]m¸ndkv \ne\nóncpó AtX kab¯v Xsó shñhpw \ne\nóncpóp; F¦nepw AXv A]qÀÆambn am{XamWv D]tbmKn¨ncpóXv. Fómð ]m¸ndkv tImsUIvkv P\{]oXn t\SnsbSp¡póXn\p ap¼v Xsó shñw tImsUIvkv hn]Wnbnte¡v hóncpóp. tImUIvkv \½psS B[p\nI ]pkvXI§Ä¡v kam\w Bbncpóp. ]m¸ndkv Asñ¦nð shñw joÁpIÄ D]tbmKn¨v \nÀ½n¨ncn¡pó Ah NcSpIÄ D]tbmKnt¨m XpIð IjW§Ä D]tbmKnt¨m ]ckv]cw tNÀ¯p sI«nbncpóp. XpIð t]mse shñhpw arK§fpsS sXmenIfnð \nómWv \nÀ½n¡póXv. sXmenIÄ IgpIn NpcïpIbpw, ]ypan¡v IñpIÄ sImïv tcma§Ä \o¡w sN¿pIbpw sN¿póp. aS¡pIfpw hi§fpw an\pks¸Sp¯nb tijw Ah kw`cn¡póp. NÀ½¯nsâ tcmahiw FgpXpóXn\pw \ne \nÀ¯póXn\pw A\ptbmPyambncpóp.

]m¸ndkv joÁpIÄ tNÀ¯psI«n ]pkvXIw cq]¯nð B¡póXns\bmWv ]m¸ndkv tImUnIvkv Fódnbs¸SpóXv. ac¸eIIÄ sImïpÅ t_mÀUpIÄ apónepw ]nónepw aqSnbncn¡pw. XSn IhdpIfnð Zzmc§Ä Ingn¨v ]pkvXI§Ä Hcpan¨v tNÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. {InkvXob bpK¯nsâ XpS¡¯nð tdmam¡mÀ apónepw ]nónepw DÅ ac¸eIIÄ aª, Nph¸v, ]¨, ]À¸nÄ \nd§fnepÅ Xnf¡apÅ XpIðsImïv aqSm³ XpS§n. Cóv Ahtijn¡pó ]e ]m¸ndkv tImUnIvkpIfpw {InkvXob IrXnIfpsS cN\IfmWv. {InkvXob IrXnIÄ ]m¸ndkv NpcpfpItf¡mÄ IqSpXð ]m¸ndkv tImUnIvkpIfnemWv tJs¸Sp¯nbncpóXv.v

{InkvXobXbv¡v ap³]pÅ kmlnXyw ]m¸ndkv NpcpfpImWv D]tbmKn¨ncpóXv. A.D. \memw \qÁmïn\ptijw Ch ISemkv tImUnIvkpIfnð kwc£n¡s¸«p. sN½cnbmSpIsftbm tImemSpIsftbm sXmenIfnð \nómWv Aóv ISemkv \nÀ½n¨ncpóXv. BZyw FgpXphm³ D]tbmKn¨ncpó ]m¸ndkv Fó ]Z¯nð \nópamWv, aebmf¯nt¡v ISemkv Fóp XÀÖa sN¿s¸«, Cw¥ojnse t]¸À Fó ]Zw cq]oIcn¡s¸«Xv. Aós¯ C¯cw ISemkpIÄ [Parchment] Cóp \ap¡v Adnbmhpó ISemkpIfpsS icnbmb cq]¯nð Añmbncpóp. Cóp \mw ImWpó cq]¯nepÅ ISemkpIÄ \nÀ½n¡s¸«Xv A.D. F«mw \qÁmïnemWv. ]pkvXI \nÀ½mW¯nse amÁ§fpsS Bcw` kab¯n\Sp¯mWv ]pXnb\nba cN\IÄ \nÀ½n¨Xv.

]pcmX\ Imes¯ Hcp ]pkvXI¯nsâ kmÀh{XnI cq]amWv tdmÄ Asñ¦nð NpcpÄ. Hcp joÁn\v km[mcWbmbn ]Xnaqóv Côv \ofhpw H³]Xv Côp hoXnbpw DïmIpw. Hcp km[mcW tdmfnð Ccp]Xv joÁpIÄ hsc Hcpan¨v tNÀ¯ncpóp. Hcp km[mcW {Ko¡p kmlnXy tdmfnsâ Xo{h ]cn[n ap¸¯ôv ASn Bbncn¡pw. cN\IÄ Hcp hi¯v a{Xambncpóp. (shfn]mSv 5:1) blqZòmÀ ]gb\nba Xncpshgp¯pIsf X§fpsS kn\tKmKpIfnð kq£n¡m³ thïn seXÀ NpcpfpIfnð ]IÀ¯n FgpXnbncpóp. hnip² tbmlómsâ aqómas¯ teJ\¯nsâ ]Xnaqómw hmIy¯nð ImÀ_¬ a®nð \nóv \nÀ½n¨ doUv t]\bptSbpw ajnbptSbpw cN\Isf kqNn¸n¡póp. 2 tbmlóm³ 12þmw hmIy¯nð ISemknð ajnsImïv FgpXnbXmbn ]cmaÀin¡póp. KmÀlnI kvIqÄ cN\IÄ¡v kvssÁekv D]tbmKn¨ncpóp. "Rm³ t{Xmhmknð IÀs¸mkns³d ]¡ð sht¨¨p t]mó ]pX¸pw ]pkvXI§fpw hntijmð NÀ½enJnX§fpw \o hcpt¼mÄ sImïphcnI.' (2 XosamsYsbmkv 4:13) Cu hN\¯nð kqNn¸n¡póXv hnip² ]utemknsâ t\m«p]pkvXI§tfm {InkvXob cN\Itfm BImw.

`mjIÄ
alm\mb AeIvkmïdnsâ hnPbt¯msS Ing¡³ saUnÁtd\nb³ {]tZiw apgph\pw {Ko¡v `mj kwkmcn¨p. ]nónSv CXv tdma³ km{amPy¯neqsSbpw hym]n¨p. emÁn³, {Ko¡v Fónh tdma³ km{amPy¯nsâ HutZymKnI `mjbmbncpópsh¦nepw aÁp `mjIÄ {]mtZinIambn {][m\ambncpóp. emÁn³ tdmam¡mcpsS bYmÀ° `mjbmbncpóp; ¢mkn¡ð ImeL«¯nepS\ofw km{amPy¯ `cWw, \nba \nÀ½mWw, ssk\yw FónhbpsS `mjbmbn XpSÀóp. tdmam¡mÀ {Ko¡p`mjsb ]T\¯ntâbpw kwkvImc¯ntâbpw `mjbmbn kzoIcn¨p. km{amPy¯nsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄ¡¸pd¯v Ing¡³ saUnÁtd\nb\p NpÁpapÅ \bX{´ Bibhn\nab¯n\v sImbn³ {Ko¡v ( [Koine Greek] Hcp ]¦n« `mjbmbn amdnbncpóp. {Ko¡nsâ A´ÀtZiob D]tbmKw {InkvXpaX¯nsâ hym]\s¯ {]m]vXam¡n. {]tXyIn¨v ss__nfnse ]pXnb\nba `mjbmbn {Ko¡ns\ XncsªSp¯Xpw {InkvXy³ tdmam km{amPy¯nse FIypsa\n¡ð Iu¬knepIfnð {Ko¡nsâ D]tbmKhpw {i² AÀln¡póhbmWv. kvs]bn³, KuÄ, CÁen FónhnS§fnð tdma³ cmjv{Sob A[nImcw XIÀótXmsS ]Snªmd³ saUnÁtd\nb³ {]tZi§fnð {Ko¡v kwkmcn¡póXv Ahkm\n¸n¨p; {Ko¡p ]cnÚm\hpw {]NpcXbpw ]Snªmd³ bqtdm¸nð \ãs¸«p. 1453þð ss_kssâ³ km{amPyw Hmt«ma³ XpÀ¡nItfmSpÅ ]X\¯n\p tijw {Ko¡p `mjbpsS hym]vXn {Ko¡nse {][m\ `q{]tZi§fnð am{Xambn HXp§n.

tdma km{amPyw `mjIfptSbpw, kwkvImc§,fptSbpw aX§fptSbpw sshhn[ys¯ DÄs¡mïncpóp. A¯cw Hcp tImkvtams]mfnÁ³ km{amPy¯nsâ IpS¡ognð hkn¡pó Fñm P\§fpw emÁn³ `mj AdnbpItbm ]Tn¡pItbm sNbvXncn¡WsaóXv {iaIcamb {]Xo£bmWv. Adnbs¸Spó temI¯nsâ `qcn`mKhpw tdmam¡mÀ IogS¡póXn\p ap³]v emÁn³ Hcp Ahyàhpw A{]kàhpamb a²y CÁmenb³ `mj Bbncpóp. IogS¡nb ssk\yt¯msSm¸w tdmam¡mÀ AhcpsS `mjbpw sImïphóp. A§s\ AXv km{amPy¯nsâ HutZymKnI Zmjbmbn. Fñm kÀ¡mÀ tcJIfpw emÁn\nð kq£n¡pIbpw \nba]camb CS]mSpIÄ emÁn\nð \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. hmkvXh¯nð, tdmamkm{amPy¯nse hnZymk¼ócmb BfpIÄ emÁns\¡mÄ IpSpXð {Ko¡v kwkmcn¡póXn\mWv {]Xn_²X Im«nbncpóXv. km{amPy¯nsâ Ing¡³ ]IpXn ]qÀ®ambpw {Ko¡v `mj am{XamWv kwkmcn¨ncpóXv . ]Snªmdnsâ ]X\¯n\p tijw Ing¡³ tdmam km{amPyw iàambn \nesImÅpIbpw {]m[m\yw hÀ²n¡bpw .sNbvXp. tSmfmaoIv, skeyq¡nUv `cWm[nImcnIfpsS Imew apXð a²y]qÀÆtZi¯nsâ an¡ `mjIfpw {Ko¡v BbncpóXn\mð, ss_kssâ³ km{amPy¯nsâ kÀ¡mÀ CS]mSpIÄ IqSpXð {Ko¡nð \S¯m³ XpS§n. Cu {Iam\pKXamb {]{Inb enJnX kmlnXy¯nð Akm[mcWamb kzm[o\w sNep¯n. BÁnIv {Ko¡v ss_skssâ³ Fó B[p\nI {Ko¡v cq]hXvIcn¨p.

{Ko¡nsâ hnÚm\w {]mYanIambn ¢mkn¡pIfnð am{Xw HXp§nbt¸mÄ ]pXnb\nbaw "hnip²mßmhv {Ko¡v' [Holy Spirit Greek] Fóv hntijn¡s¸Spó Hcp {]tXyI {Ko¡ns\ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡póXmbn {]Xy£s¸«p. {]tXyIn¨pw, CXv shfn]mSnsâ Dt±iy¯n\mbn ]cnip²mßmhn\mð {]tNmZ\w DÄs¡mï `mjbmbncpóp. ]pXnb\nba¯nse {Ko¡nsâ hyXncnàXsb "PqX {Ko¡v' [Judish Greek] Fóv ]ecpw hymJym\n¨p. ]pXnb\nbaw km[mcW {Ko¡v `mjbnse aX¯nsâ {]mtZinI {`mjmssien Hgnhm¡póp. IqSmsX ]pdPmXob aX ]Z§sf _Ôs¸Sp¯msX amÁn \nÀ¯nbncpóp.

Acman¡v, kndnb¡v:
kndnbbptSbpw saks¸t«manbbptSbpw {]mYanI `mjbmbncpóp Acman¡v. ]e en]nIfpÅ Acan¡v IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp kwkmcn¨ `mjbmbncpóp Fóp hnizkn¡s¸Spóp. tdmam km{amPy¯nse GÁhpw henb aqóp \Kc§fnð Hómb At´ymIybnð, {]tXyIn¨v {InkvXym\nIÄ kndnb¡v kwkmcn¨ncpóp. cïmw \qÁmïnsâ Ahkm\¯nð FsUÊmbnse {InkvXy³ kaql¯nð \nóv hym]n¨v kndnb¡v kmlnXyw {]Npc {]Nmcw t\Snbncpóp. BZyIme kndnb¡v kmlnXyw \memw \qÁmïphsc {Ko¡v _u²nI NpÁp]mSnð hfÀóp hóp. IqSmsX bptk_nbkv, t_knð apXemb {Ko¡v Fgp¯pImsc kzm[o\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. BZyIme kndnb³ kmlnXy IrXnIfnð ss__nÄ `mK§fpsS hnhÀ¯\§fpw hniIe\§fpw DÄs¸Spóp. kndnb¡v Fgp¯pImc\mb F{^bnansâ IrXnIÄ {Ko¡nte¡v XÀÖa sN¿s¸«p.

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